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Privacy Conclusion

"Upwork presents a **high-risk privacy profile** (73/100) comparable to Google/Microsoft due to extensive data collection including biometric identifiers, work diary screenshots capturing confidential information, and behavioral tracking combined with broad third-party sharing to payment processors, AI training providers, advertising networks, and unnamed service providers. Users face critical restrictions on legal remedies through mandatory arbitration and class action waivers, automatic payment approval within narrow dispute windows, and indefinite data retention, while controls are limited to opt-out mechanisms for ads that still result in ad serving and high financial penalties ($10K+) for using alternatives to the platform."

Risk Score
73
ELEVATED

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4 Privacy Improvements Available

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upwork Privacy Concerns & Scorecard

Privacy Risk Analysis
Transparency RightsCRITICAL

Upwork disclaims liability for data handling and limits liability to fees paid in preceding 12 months ($2,500 cap in many cases), preventing meaningful recovery for data breaches or privacy violations.

Transparency & RightsCRITICAL

Non-circumvention clause restricts user choice and imposes $1,000-$50,000 penalties to exit agreements early. Users cannot directly pay freelancers for 24 months after engagement without paying conversion fees.

Third-Party SharingCRITICAL

Upwork shares user content, work product, and personal information with AI training providers without explicit opt-in consent. User content may be used by third parties for AI model training purposes with perpetual license granted.

Data CollectionCRITICAL

Work Diary screenshots are automatically collected and transmitted to Upwork servers, potentially capturing sensitive client information, trade secrets, and personal data unrelated to work scope. Screenshots include all content visible on screen including taskbars and system trays.

Retention & ControlHIGH

User-posted content and work product are retained permanently through irrevocable, non-exclusive worldwide licenses granted to Upwork and its affiliates with no specified deletion mechanism.

Tracking AdvertisingHIGH

Do Not Track browser signals are explicitly not honored. Users must affirmatively opt out through multiple separate mechanisms (GPC, DAA, email, phone) with no opt-out per browser or device.

Tracking & AdsMEDIUM

Upwork utilizes third-party tracking technologies for targeted advertising, which can lead to user profiling without explicit consent.

Recommended Actions

Data deletion

  1. 1Navigate to Upwork's GDPR Compliance help article.
  2. 2Follow the instructions to submit a data deletion or account closure request.
Access Settings

Ai training opt out

  1. 1Log in to your Upwork account and click your profile picture in the top-right corner, then select Settings from the dropdown.
  2. 2In the left sidebar, click Privacy Settings, then navigate to the AI Preferences section.
  3. 3Toggle off all three data categories: Communications Data, Work Product Data, and Other Platform Data.
  4. 4Save your changes.
Access Settings

Marketing email opt out

  1. 1Log in to your Upwork account.
  2. 2Go to your Notification Settings (via account settings).
  3. 3Select the Messages tab or relevant notification category.
  4. 4Adjust the email notification toggle to opt out of marketing or promotional messages and save your preferences.
Access Settings

Automate your privacy

Connect your accounts to TrueTerms to automate these privacy actions and monitor policy changes.

Data Collection & Tracking

Personal Information Collected

Identity Data

Account creation, identity verification, profile management, communication, age verification, payment processing

Government Identification

Tax compliance, worker classification, age verification, identity verification, payment processing

Financial Data

Payment processing, fee collection, tax reporting, fraud detection, payment method verification

Work & Project Data

Marketplace functionality, dispute resolution, payment processing, AI training (with irrevocable perpetual license), work verification, skill matching

Location Data

Service delivery, tax compliance, geographic restrictions, payment routing, targeted advertising, fraud prevention

Biometric Data

Customer service, account security, identity verification, promotional content (with limited consent mechanism)

Work Diary & Monitoring Data

Payment verification, work tracking, work protection, productivity monitoring, fraud detection

Behavioral & Engagement Data

Algorithmic matching, AI training, service improvement, targeted advertising, user engagement tracking, platform analytics

Communication Data

Communication facilitation, customer support, dispute resolution, legal compliance, safety monitoring

Device & Technical Data

Service functionality, security, debugging, platform optimization, targeted advertising

Contact Information of Others

Freelancer engagement, communication, authorization and verification

Background & Compliance Data

Compliance with employment laws, wage garnishment processing, worker classification, legal obligations

Confidential Business Information

Work delivery, payment processing, dispute resolution, legal obligations

Third-Party Data About You

Identity verification, fraud prevention, credit/risk assessment, background screening

Referral & Marketing Data

Marketing attribution, referral program administration, conversion tracking

AI & Automation Outputs

AI service delivery, algorithm training, product improvement, evaluation of AI systems

Cross-Platform Tracking

Upwork tracks users across the internet through third-party tracking pixels, cookies, and web beacons placed on external websites and mobile apps. Hashed personal information is shared with advertising partners to enable retargeting and cross-site behavioral advertising, allowing Upwork to display ads about its services on other websites users visit. Users may see Upwork advertisements elsewhere on the internet after visiting the platform, indicating cross-platform behavioral tracking and retargeting are enabled.

Tracking Methods:

Cookies

First-party and third-party cookies track user activity, preferences, and advertising engagement. Persistent cookies remain until expiration or deletion; session cookies expire when browsing ends

Web Beacons & Pixels

Transparent tracking pixels and web beacons embedded in pages and emails track user movement across sites and enable cross-site ad targeting by advertising partners

Embedded Scripts & Tags

JavaScript tracking tags and embedded third-party scripts collect behavioral data, measure campaign effectiveness, and enable retargeting across the internet

Device Fingerprinting & Identifiers

Unique device identifiers, user-agent strings, and device characteristics enable tracking across sessions and potentially across applications

Work Diary Screenshots

Periodic automatic screenshots of screen content transmitted to Upwork servers for work verification and activity monitoring

Direct Data Collection

Information voluntarily provided by users in forms, profile settings, work diary submissions, and direct account registration

Third-Party Tracking Technologies

Service providers including analytics companies, advertising partners, and generative AI platforms deploy their own tracking technologies (cookies, pixels, scripts) to collect user data independently

AI & Data Training

upwork uses your content to train AI

Below is what's used and how (if at all) you can object.

What Content Is Used

  • User Profiles

    Freelancer and client profile information including skills, qualifications, work history, rates, and portfolio data

  • Work Product & Deliverables

    All completed work, deliverables, source code, documents, designs, and other project outputs submitted by users

  • Proposals

    Job proposals and pitch content submitted by freelancers

  • Feedback & Reviews

    User feedback, reviews, ratings, and suggestions submitted on the platform

  • Job Posts

    Job descriptions, project details, and requirements posted by clients

  • Communications

    Messages and communications between users conducted through Upwork Messages

  • User-Generated Content

    Text, images, video, audio, and other content posted by users on the platform

How to Object

You can submit an objection using the steps below.

  1. 1

    Go to Account Settings > Privacy settings and look for AI training or generative AI option. Toggle OFF if available. If not visible, email privacyrequests@upwork.com requesting to opt out of AI training. Note: Opt-out may only prevent future training, not use of data already collected.

Why We Analyzed upwork

TrueTerms automatically audits privacy policies and data practices using advanced machine learning to keep you informed and protected. This scorecard is based on the latest available public terms of service and privacy policies as of 2026.